The Loss Of A Mother In Law

Spinoza. Demonstrated Ethics as the geometric order

On Spinoza, Baruch, "Ethics in the order shown geometric"
Ed Alliance, SA, Madrid, 1987
party first. "By God" Virginia

by Fernandez

The wide diversity of beings in the universe, always said, since Aristotle, must be explained by its causes. Knowledge of the determinants and guiding principles of the world, not acquired by sensory experience, but through the procedure of the mind pure, according to its own laws, according to the geometrically, according to Spinoza. Spinoza
proceed modeled on deductive and a priori of mathematics based on the assumption that "the order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of things." Governing the causal order of events is the same as the order that the understanding is when operating with ideas. This demonstrates to us that there are multiple causes of events, but only one efficient cause of all that Spinoza calls God or nature. There is only one substance and only one, defined as: "That which is in itself and is conceived through itself, ie, that whose concept to form, does not require the concept of nothing" (definition III).
The concept of innate substance is a clear and distinct idea can not be produced by something else and has to be the cause of itself (causa sui). This substance is known for its attribute: "I understand what the intellect perceives of a substance as constituting the essence of it." Therefore, there is only one substance, possessing infinite attributes, of which, we humans only know two: thought and extension. These attributes embody the essence of the substance or God or nature, belonging the epistemological level. All that is is in God, everything is God's way. "By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, ie a substance consisting of infinite attributes, each of which expresses eternal and infinite essence." The infinity of God implies that there can be other substances, everything is in God.
finite beings, including men, are modes of God understood modes affections of a substance. So, what is otherwise, by which is also conceived. " Finite minds are modes of God under the attribute of thought and are finite modes of God under the attribute of extension. Apart from God there can be no substance, the that the immanent cause of all things (anyway).
Man can be considered as a body (extension) or as a soul (mind), but both are constitutively the same thing.
Everything is determined by the need of the divine nature. Is inevitably finite beings and events are causal but not casual. God is the first cause, the immanent cause, that is all, is the affirmation and denial, is present as natural naturata (things) with the understanding. Understanding is the ability to represent things.